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atmega*8 Hardware Sleep-Wake Toggle

While working on some holiday projects, I needed on off switches for some JeeNode based widgets. It took me a while to get it working well, and I learned some stuff while doing it. Here is the software and a explanation of the hardware setup. Enjoy.

/*
 SleepWakeToggle

 SUMMARY
 Toggles an atmega*8 state from running to lowest power sleep
 mode using a hardware interrupt, e.g.  a switch.  Suitable for
 Arduino, JeeNode, etc.

 WHY
 Battery powered devices last double-plus-much-longer if you power
 the chip down when not in use.

 HOW IT WORKS
 Interrupts are a way of having your program flow altered by simple
 real world events (e.g. passage of time or activation of switches).

 This program demonstrates using a single switch to accomplish two
 things: putting the chip in sleep mode and then waking it up.  When
 a switch is activated, an interrupt is triggered and program
 control is shifted to a function you specify (a callback).  Two
 hardware interrupts are available INT0 and INT1.

 Boldly rebinding INT0/INT1 callbacks to the wake and sleep functions
 in the callbacks themselves is bad magic, and doesn't seem to work
 :-).  So the sleep function is called from loop() after a callback
 sets a flag.  This way the callback which triggers sleep (here:
 'toggle') is done before 'void sleep()' actually runs.  This is good
 because, the interrupt has to be rebound to 'wake' just before going
 in to sleep_mode.

 HARDWARE SETUP
 Lowest power sleep mode, SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN, can only respond to a
 pin going from high to low. Hence, tie desired pin (2 or 3) to +
 with a resistor (i.e. a "pull-up" resistor), and connect a momentary
 switch to ground and the pin.

 SOFTWARE SETUP
 You will want to provide functions that do something interesting and
 that cause the system to be in your desired state before actually
 powering down.  These are: "void importantThing()" and "void
 prepareToSleep()" below.  The state that is achieved after power up
 or reset is selected by setting the global flag buttonPushed in the
 setup function.

 Hereby placed in the public domain, December 2010
 by Kael Fischer <kael.fischer@gmail.com>

*/

// hardware interrupt stuff
#include <avr/sleep.h>
#define INT0 0
#define INT0_PIN 2
#define INT1 1
#define INT1_PIN 3

// application specific stuff
#define BLINK_PIN 13

// global flags
int buttonPushed;

void importantThing(){
 // the 'work' the program does
 digitalWrite(BLINK_PIN, HIGH);
 delay(1000);
 digitalWrite(BLINK_PIN, LOW);
 delay(1000);          
}

void prepareToSleep(){
 // When a button is pushed
 // do some prep before sleeping
 // to get in the desired state
 digitalWrite(BLINK_PIN, LOW);
}

void wake(){

 // This is the callback that runs when the
 // chip is waking up.
 buttonPushed=0;

 // Can set variables and check stuff.  Cannot do fancy stuff.
 // Program flow returns to line after 'sleep_mode()' in sleep.

 // No code is required here.
}

void toggle(){
 // set a flag telling system to sleep on next loop iteration.
 // this is the normal running state callback triggered by the
 // switch.
 detachInterrupt(1);    // this seems to be allowed in callback
 if (buttonPushed ==0){ // just in case, ignore switch if already
   buttonPushed=1;      // doing it
 }
}

void sleep(){
 prepareToSleep();  //application specific

 // YOU ARE GETTING SLEEPY.....
 set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN); 
 attachInterrupt(INT1,wake,LOW); // rebind interrupt
 sleep_mode(); // sleeping

 // program returns here, after 'wake' callback

 // now back to loop
}

void setup() {               
 // On Off Toggle setup
 pinMode(INT1_PIN, INPUT);  // set switch pin to input
                            // to limit current
 attachInterrupt(INT1,toggle,LOW);
 buttonPushed=1; // set to 1 = sleep after reset
                 //        0 = run loop after reset

 // app specific setup here
 pinMode(BLINK_PIN, OUTPUT); 
}

void loop() {
 if (buttonPushed == 1) {
   sleep();
 } else {
   // reset button events to sleep
   attachInterrupt(INT1,toggle,LOW);
 }
 // do important things
 importantThing();
}

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Former Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig,who died last week at the age of 85, played a variety of roles in the military and the government, including combat duty in Korea and Vietnam, Army Chief of Staff, White House Chief of Staff, and Supreme Allied Commander Europe. It is worth remembering, however, that when he was military assistant to national security adviser Henry Kissinger and later his deputy, Haig played a central role in a wiretap scandal which was one of the abuses of power that brought down the presidency of Richard M. Nixon. Indeed, the wiretaps were an element of Article 2 of the articles of impeachmentadopted by the House Judiciary Committee on July 27, 1974.
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When Haig made the formal request for the wiretaps, he told FBI assistant director William Sullivan that the request was “made on the highest authority” and that the matter was “so sensitive it demands handling on a need-to-know basis, with no record maintained.” That was not the way the FBI did business, especially when White House officials were issuing unprecedented requests to wiretap White House aides...

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